Umhlahlandlela Wabaqalayo Wokuphepha Kokushisela!

Ukushisela kuyinqubo esetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, njengokwakha, ukukhiqiza, kanye nokulungisa izimoto. Nakuba ukushisela kuyikhono elibalulekile, kuhilela nezingozi ezingaba khona ezingabangela ukulimala okukhulu uma izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele zingalandelwa. Lo mhlahlandlela wabaqalayo uhlose ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi oluphelele mayelana nokuphepha kokushisela, okuhlanganisa imishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu (i-PPE), imikhuba yokusebenza ephephile, kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona okufanele uziqaphele.

Kungani Ukuphepha Kubalulekile Ekushiseni?

Ukuphepha kubaluleke kakhulu ekushiseleni ngezizathu eziningana:

Ukuvikelwa Komuntu Siqu:

Ukushisela kuhilela izingozi ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukushisa okukhulu, izinhlansi, kanye nentuthu eyingozi. Izinyathelo zokuphepha, njengokugqoka imishini yokuzivikela efanele (i-PPE), ziqinisekisa ukuthi abashisela bavikelekile ekushiseni, ekulimaleni kwamehlo, ezinkingeni zokuphefumula, nakwezinye izingozi zempilo ezingaba khona.

Ukuvimbela Izingozi:

Imisebenzi yokushisela ivame ukuhilela ukusebenza ngamalangabi avulekile, amazinga okushisa aphezulu, kanye nemisinga kagesi. Ukunganaki izinyathelo zokuphepha kungaholela ezingozini, njengemililo, ukuqhuma, ukushaqeka kukagesi, kanye nokuwa. Ukulandela izinqubo zokuphepha ezifanele kunciphisa ingozi yezingozi futhi kudala indawo yokusebenza ephephile.

Impilo Nenhlalakahle:

Ukushisela kukhiqiza umusi namagesi angaba yingozi uma ephefumulwa. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kulezi zinto kungaholela ezinkingeni zokuphefumula, ezifweni zamaphaphu, kanye nezinye izinkinga zempilo zesikhathi eside. Ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokungenisa umoya ezifanele kanye nokusebenzisa ukuvikela ukuphefumula, abashisela bangavikela impilo yabo kanye nenhlalakahle yabo.

Ukuthobela Imithethonqubo:

Ohulumeni kanye nezinhlangano ezilawulayo bamise imithetho nezindinganiso zokuphepha zokusebenza kokushisela. Ukunamathela kule mithetho akugcini nje ngokudingekayo ngokomthetho kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yokusebenza ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha ezidingekayo. Ukuthobela imithetho zokuphepha kusiza ukuvimbela izingozi, kuvikela abasebenzi, futhi kugweme izinhlawulo noma imiphumela yomthetho.

Ukukhiqiza Nokusebenza Kahle:

Izinyathelo zokuphepha, njengokuqeqeshwa okufanele kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemishini efanele, zinegalelo endaweni yokusebenza esebenza kahle futhi ekhiqizayo. Uma abasebenzi bezizwa bephephile futhi beqiniseka ngendawo ebazungezile, bangagxila emisebenzini yabo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngezingozi ezingaba khona. Lokhu kuholela ekukhiqizeni okwandisiwe kanye nomsebenzi osezingeni eliphezulu.

Idumela Nokwethenjwa:

Izinkampani ezibeka phambili ukuphepha emisebenzini yazo yokushisela zibonisa ukuzibophezela kwazo enhlalakahleni yabasebenzi bazo. Lokhu kuzibophezela kwakha ukwethembana phakathi kwabasebenzi, amakhasimende, kanye nomphakathi jikelele. Irekhodi elihle lokuphepha kanye nedumela lokubeka phambili ukuphepha kungadonsela abasebenzi abanamakhono futhi kuthuthukise isithombe senkampani embonini.

Ukonga Izindleko:

Ukutshala imali ezindleleni zokuphepha kungadinga izindleko kusengaphambili, kodwa ekugcineni kuholela ekongeni izindleko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuvimbela izingozi nokulimala kunciphisa izindleko zezokwelapha, izicelo zesinxephezelo sabasebenzi, kanye nezikweletu zomthetho ezingaba khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yokusebenza ephephile inciphisa umonakalo wemishini, isikhathi sokungasebenzi, kanye nokulungiswa okubizayo.

Ekuphetheni, ukuphepha kubalulekile ekushiseleni ukuze kuvikelwe abasebenzi ezingozini ezingaba khona, kuvinjelwe izingozi, kugcinwe impilo enhle, kulandelwe imithethonqubo, kuthuthukiswe umkhiqizo, futhi kwakhiwe idumela elihle. Ukubeka phambili ukuphepha akugcini nje ngokuvikela inhlalakahle yabashiseleli kodwa futhi kunegalelo ekusebenzeni kahle nangokuphumelela kakhudlwana kokushiseleli.

Yiziphi Izingozi Eziyinhloko Ekushiseni?

Kunezingozi eziningana eziyinhloko ezihlobene nokushisela okudingeka abashiseli baziqaphele futhi bathathe izinyathelo zokuphepha kuzo. Lezi zingozi zifaka:

I-Arc Flash:

I-Arc flash ingenye yezingozi ezinkulu ekushiseni. Ibhekisela ekukhishweni kokushisa okukhulu nokukhanya okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokushiseni, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezinqubo zokushiseni ze-arc ezifana nokushiseni kwe-arc metal shielded (SMAW) noma ukushiseni kwe-arc metal gas (GMAW). Kungabangela ukusha okukhulu esikhumbeni nasemahlweni uma kungasetshenziswanga isivikelo esifanele. Abashiseli kufanele bahlale begqoke isigqoko sokushiseni esinesihlungi esifanele sokufiphaza i-arc ukuze bavikeleke ekushiseni kwe-arc flash.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-arc flash ekushiseni yilezi:

Ukuchayeka emisebeni ye-UV ne-IR:

Ama-arcs okushisela akhipha imisebe ye-ultraviolet enamandla (UV) kanye ne-infrared (IR). Imisebe ye-UV ingabangela ukusha kwesikhumba okufana nokusha kwelanga, kanti imisebe ye-IR ingadala ukushisa okungabangela ukusha. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kule misebe ngaphandle kokuvikelwa okufanele kungabangela ukusha okukhulu kanye nomonakalo wesikhathi eside.

Ukukhanya okukhulu nokushisa:

Ukukhanya kwe-arc yokushisela kungaphazamisa futhi kubangele ukukhubazeka kokubona okwesikhashana noma okuhlala njalo uma amehlo engavikelwe kahle. Ukushisa okukhulu okubangelwa yi-arc nakho kungabangela ukusha esikhumbeni, ngisho noma kukude nokusebenza kokushisela.

Ukuze bavikele ezingozini ze-arc flash, abashiseli kufanele bathathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezilandelayo:

Gqoka isivikelo samehlo esifanele:

Isigqoko sokushisela esinelensi yomthunzi efanelekile sibalulekile ukuvikela amehlo ekukhanyeni okukhulu kanye nemisebe ekhishwa ngesikhathi sokushisela. Izinga lomthunzi laleli lensi kufanele likhethwe ngokusekelwe enkambisweni yokushisela kanye ne-amperage esetshenzisiwe.

Sebenzisa izingubo zokuzivikela:

Abashiseli kufanele bagqoke izingubo ezingashisi, njengejakethi lokushisela noma i-apron, ukuze bavikele isikhumba sabo ezinhlansini, insimbi encibilikisiwe, kanye nokushisa okubangelwa ukushisela. Kufanele kugqokwe nezicathulo ezinemikhono emide, amabhulukwe, nezicathulo ezivaliwe.

Sebenzisa umoya ofanele:

Umoya owanele wokungenisa umoya ubalulekile ukuze kususwe umusi kanye namagesi okushisela endaweni yokusebenza. Umoya wokungenisa umoya ofanele uyasiza ekunciphiseni ukuchayeka ezintweni ezinobuthi futhi kunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga zokuphefumula.

Landela imikhuba yokusebenza ephephile:

Abashiseli kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi indawo yokusebenza ayinazo izinto ezivuthayo nokuthi izinyathelo zokuvimbela umlilo, njengezicishamlilo, ziyatholakala kalula. Ukulandela amasu okushisela afanele nokugcina ibanga eliphephile ukusuka ku-arc nakho kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokukhanya kwe-arc.

Thola ukuqeqeshwa okufanele:

Abashiseli kufanele baqeqeshwe ngezingozi ze-arc flash, izinqubo zokuphepha, kanye nokusebenzisa imishini yokuzivikela. Kufanele baqaphele izinqubo zokusabela eziphuthumayo uma kwenzeka ingozi ye-arc flash.

Ngokuqonda izingozi ezihlobene ne-arc flash nokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele, abashiseli bangazivikela ezingozini futhi banciphise amathuba okusha okukhulu nokulimala kwamehlo.

Intuthu namagesi:

Ukushisela kukhiqiza umusi onobuthi namagesi, njenge-ozone, i-nitrogen oxides, kanye nomsi wensimbi. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kulezi zinto kungaholela ezinkingeni zokuphefumula, ezifweni zamaphaphu, kanye nezinye izinkinga zempilo. Abashisela kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi kunomoya ofanele endaweni yokusebenza ukuze basuse lokhu kungcola futhi basebenzise isivikelo sokuphefumula, njengemishini yokuphefumula noma imaski, njengoba kunconywa. Izingozi ezinkulu ezihlobene nomsi namafutha namagesi okushisela zifaka:

Izinkinga zokuphefumula:

Ukuphefumula umusi namagesi okushisela kungaholela ezinkingeni ezahlukahlukene zokuphefumula, njengomkhuhlane womshoshaphansi wokushisela, i-bronchitis, i-asthma, nezinye izifo zamaphaphu. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kulezi zinto kungabangela izinkinga zempilo zesikhathi eside.

Umkhuhlane womusi wensimbi:

I-Metal fume fever iyisifo esifana nomkhuhlane esibangelwa ukuhogela umusi wensimbi, ikakhulukazi umusi we-zinc oxide. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi umkhuhlane, ukubanda, ikhanda elibuhlungu, isicanucanu, kanye nobuhlungu bemisipha. Nakuba ngokuvamile kuvame ukuba okwesikhashana, ukuchayeka njalo kungaholela emiphumeleni yezempilo engapheli.

Amagesi anobuthi:

Izinqubo zokushisela zikhiqiza amagesi anobuthi, njenge-ozone, i-nitrogen oxides, i-carbon monoxide, kanye nama-metal oxide ahlukahlukene. Ukuphefumula la magesi kungabangela ukucasuka kokuphefumula, isiyezi, isicanucanu, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukufutha noma ubuthi.

Izinto ezibangela umdlavuza:

Eminye intuthu yokushisela iqukethe izinto ezibangela umdlavuza, njenge-hexavalent chromium, i-nickel, ne-cadmium. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kulezi zinto kungandisa ingozi yokuthola umdlavuza wamaphaphu, umphimbo, noma ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza.

Ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi ezihlobene nokushisela umusi namagesi, abashiseli kufanele bathathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezilandelayo:

Qinisekisa ukuthi umoya ungena kahle:

Umoya owanele wokungenisa umoya ubalulekile ukuze kususwe umusi kanye namagesi okushisela endaweni yokusebenza. Izinhlelo zokungenisa umoya zokukhipha umoya zasendaweni, njengezikhipha umoya noma ama-hood, kufanele zisetshenziswe ukubamba nokususa umusi emthonjeni. Umoya wokungenisa umoya ojwayelekile, njengamafeni noma iminyango/amafasitela avulekile, nawo ungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukujikeleza komoya.

Sebenzisa isivikelo sokuphefumula:

Uma umoya unganele noma lapho besebenza ezindaweni ezivalekile, abashiseli kufanele basebenzise isivikelo sokuphefumula esifanele, njengemishini yokuphefumula noma imaski, ukuze bahlunge umusi namagesi ayingozi. Ukukhethwa komshini wokuphefumula kufanele kusekelwe enkambisweni ethile yokushisela kanye nohlobo lwezinto ezingcolisayo ezikhona.

Khetha izinqubo nezinto zokwakha ezikhipha ukungcola okuncane:

Ezinye izinqubo zokushisela zikhiqiza umusi namagesi ambalwa uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye. Isibonelo, ukushisela i-arc yensimbi yegesi (i-GMAW) enentambo eqinile ngokuvamile kukhiqiza umusi omncane kune-arc welding ene-flux-cored (i-FCAW). Ukusebenzisa izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezikhipha ukungcola okuncane kanye nezinto zokwakha kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukukhiqizwa kwemusi onobuthi.

Gcina indawo yokusebenza ihlanzekile:

Hlanza njalo indawo yokusebenza ukuze ususe uthuli, imfucuza kanye nentuthu eqongelelekile. Ukulahlwa kwemfucuza efanele kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo, njengezintambo ezingenalutho noma ama-electrode asetshenzisiwe, kubalulekile futhi ukuvimbela ukuchayeka ezintweni eziyingozi.

Thola ukuqeqeshwa okufanele:

Abashiseli kufanele bathole ukuqeqeshwa ngezingozi ezihlobene nomusi namagesi okushisela, kanye nokusetshenziswa okufanele kwezinhlelo zokungenisa umoya kanye nokuvikelwa kokuphefumula. Ukuqonda izingozi nokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele kubalulekile ekuvikeleni kulezi zingozi.

Ngokusebenzisa lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha nokuqaphela izingozi ezihlobene nomusi namagesi okushisela, abashisela bangavikela impilo yabo yokuphefumula futhi banciphise ingozi yezinkinga zempilo zesikhathi eside.

Ukushaqeka Kukagesi:

Ukushaqeka kukagesi kungenye ingozi enkulu ekushiseleni. Ukushiseleni kuhilela ugesi ophezulu ongabangela ukushaqeka kukagesi uma kungathathwa izinyathelo ezifanele zokuqapha. Abashiseleli kufanele bagweme ukuthinta izingxenye zikagesi eziphilayo futhi baqinisekise ukuthi imishini yokushiseleli isekelwe kahle. Ukuhlola izintambo ukuthi azinawo umonakalo nokugwema ukuthintana nezindawo ezimanzi noma amanzi ngenkathi kushiseleni nakho kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukushaqeka kukagesi. Izingozi eziyinhloko ezihlobene nokushaqeka kukagesi ekushiseleni zifaka:

Ukusha:

Ukushaqeka kukagesi kungabangela ukusha okukhulu esikhumbeni nasezithweni zangaphakathi. Ukushisa okubangelwa ugesi kungabangela ukulimala kwezicubu futhi kungadinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo:

Ukushaqeka ngogesi kungabangela ukumiswa kwenhliziyo, okuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo. Ugesi ungaphazamisa isigqi senhliziyo esivamile, okuholela ekumisweni kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo.

Ukulimala kwemizwa:

Ukushaqeka ngogesi kungabangela ukulimala kwemizwa, okungabangela ukungazweli, ukuthuthumela, noma ukulahlekelwa umuzwa endaweni ethintekile. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungabangela ukukhubazeka noma ukulahlekelwa ukulawula imisipha.

Ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi ezihlobene nokushaqeka kukagesi, abashiseli kufanele bathathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezilandelayo:

Sebenzisa isisekelo esifanele:

Yonke imishini yokushisela kufanele ifakwe kahle ukuze kuvinjelwe ukushaqeka kukagesi. Umshini wokushisela, i-workpiece, kanye netafula lokushisela kufanele kuxhunywe kukhebula lokushisela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yimuphi ugesi olahlekile uqondiswa ngokuphephile emhlabathini.

Hlola imishini njalo:

Imishini yokushisela kufanele ihlolwe njalo ukuze kutholakale izimpawu zokuguguleka, njengezintambo eziqhekekile noma ukuvikela okonakele. Imishini eyonakele kufanele ilungiswe noma ishintshwe ngokushesha ukuze kuvinjelwe ukushaqeka kukagesi.

Sebenzisa imishini yokuzivikela efanele:

Abashiseli kufanele bagqoke imishini yokuzivikela efanele, njengamagilavu ​​​​erabha namabhuzu, ukuze bazivikele ekushayweni ugesi. Amagilavu ​​namabhuzu kufanele ahlolwe njalo ukuze kutholakale noma yiziphi izimpawu zomonakalo.

Gwema izimo ezimanzi:

Ukushisela akufanele kwenziwe ezindaweni ezimanzi noma ezindaweni ezimanzi. Izimo ezimanzi zandisa ingozi yokushaqeka ngogesi, njengoba amanzi engumxhumanisi omuhle kagesi.

Thola ukuqeqeshwa okufanele:

Abashiseli kufanele bathole ukuqeqeshwa ngezingozi ezihlobene nokushaqeka kukagesi kanye nokusetshenziswa okufanele kwemishini yokushisela. Ukuqonda izingozi nokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele kubalulekile ekuvikeleni kulezi zingozi.

Ngokusebenzisa lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha nokuqaphela izingozi ezihlobene nokushaqeka kukagesi ekushiseni, abashiseli bangazivikela engozini yokulimala futhi baqinisekise indawo yokusebenza ephephile.

Umlilo Nokuqhuma:

Umlilo nokuqhuma kuyizingozi ezinkulu ekushiseleni. Izinhlansi nensimbi eshisayo ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokushiseleni ingashisa izinto ezivuthayo, okuholela emlilweni noma ekuqhumeni. Kubalulekile ukususa noma yiziphi izinto ezivuthayo endaweni yokusebenza futhi kube nezinyathelo zokuvimbela umlilo, njengezicishamlilo kanye nezithiyo ezingamelani nomlilo. Ukuba newashi lomlilo ngesikhathi nangemva kokushiseleni nakho kuyanconywa. Izingozi eziyinhloko ezihlobene nomlilo nokuqhuma ekushiseleni zifaka:

Ukuvutha kwezinto ezivuthayo:

Izinhlansi zokushisela nokushisa kungavuthisa izinto ezivuthayo, njengezinyibilikisi, uwoyela, namagesi. Lokhu kungaholela emlilweni noma ekuqhumeni, okungabangela umonakalo omkhulu empahleni kanye nokulimala kwabasebenzi.

Uthuli oluvuthayo:

Ukushisela kudala uthuli kanye nemfucumfucu, okungaba yinto evuthayo uma kuxutshwa nomoya. Uma kushiswa, uthuli oluvuthayo lungabangela umlilo noma ukuqhuma, okungaba yingozi kakhulu ezindaweni ezivalekile.

Ukucebisa umoya-mpilo:

Izinqubo zokushisela ezisebenzisa umoya-mpilo zingandisa ukugcwala komoya-mpilo emoyeni, okungadala ingozi yomlilo. Ukucebisa umoya-mpilo kungabangela ukuthi izinto zishe kalula futhi kungaholela ekusabalaleni komlilo ngokushesha.

Ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi ezihlobene nomlilo nokuqhuma ekushiseleni, abashiseli kufanele bathathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezilandelayo:

Gcina indawo yokusebenza ihlanzekile:

Hlanza njalo indawo yokusebenza ukuze ususe uthuli oluqongelelekile, imfucumfucu, nezinto ezivuthayo. Ukulahlwa kahle kwemfucuza yezinto ezisetshenziswayo, njengezigxobo zezintambo ezingenalutho noma ama-electrode asetshenzisiwe, kubalulekile futhi ukuvimbela ukunqwabelana kwezinto ezivuthayo.

Sebenzisa umoya ofanele:

Umoya owanele wokungenisa umoya ubalulekile ukuze kususwe umusi kanye namagesi okushisela endaweni yokusebenza futhi kuvinjelwe ukunqwabelana kothuli oluvuthayo. Izinhlelo zokungenisa umoya zomkhathi wendawo, njengezikhipha umoya noma ama-hood, kufanele zisetshenziswe ukubamba nokususa umusi emthonjeni. Umoya wokungenisa umoya ojwayelekile, njengamafeni noma iminyango/amafasitela avulekile, nawo ungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukujikeleza komoya.

Sebenzisa imishini yokuzivikela efanele:

Abashiseli kufanele bagqoke imishini yokuzivikela efanele, njengezingubo ezingashi, amagilavu, namabhuzu, ukuze bazivikele engozini yomlilo nokuqhuma.

Gwema ukushisela eduze kwezinto ezivuthayo:

Ukushisela akufanele kwenziwe eduze kwezinto ezivuthayo, njengezinyibilikisi, uwoyela, namagesi. Uma kudingeka ukushisela eduze kwezinto ezivuthayo, imishini efanele yokucima umlilo, njengezicisha-mlilo, kufanele itholakale kalula.

Thola ukuqeqeshwa okufanele:

Abashiseli kufanele bathole ukuqeqeshwa ngezingozi ezihlobene nomlilo nokuqhuma ekushiseleni kanye nokusetshenziswa okufanele kwemishini yokucima umlilo. Ukuqonda izingozi nokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele kubalulekile ekuvikeleni kulezi zingozi.

Ngokusebenzisa lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha nokuqaphela izingozi ezihlobene nomlilo nokuqhuma kokushisela, abashisela bangazivikela engozini yokulimala futhi baqinisekise indawo yokusebenza ephephile.

Ukulimala Kwamehlo Nesikhumba:

Ukulimala kwamehlo nesikhumba kuyizingozi ezivamile ekushiseleni. Ukushiseleni kudala ukukhanya okukhulu, ukushisa, kanye nemisebe, okungabangela umonakalo emehlweni nasesikhumbeni uma kungavikelwe ngokwanele. Izingozi eziyinhloko ezihlobene nokulimala kwamehlo nesikhumba ekushiseleni zifaka:

I-Arc flash:

I-Arc flash iwukukhishwa okungazelelwe kokushisa okukhulu nokukhanya okungenzeka ngesikhathi sokushisela. Ingabangela ukusha okukhulu emehlweni nasesikhumbeni futhi ingabangela umonakalo ongapheli emehlweni.

Intuthu yokushisela:

Intuthu yokushisela iqukethe izinto ezinobuthi, njenge-metal oxides namagesi, okungabangela izinkinga zokuphefumula kanye nokucasuka kwesikhumba. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside entuthu yokushisela kungaholela ezimweni zempilo ezingamahlalakhona, njengomdlavuza wamaphaphu kanye nomkhuhlane we-metal fume.

Imisebe ye-Ultraviolet (UV):

Ukushisela kukhiqiza imisebe ye-UV, engabangela umonakalo emehlweni nasesikhumbeni. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside emisebeni ye-UV kungaholela ku-cataracts, umdlavuza wesikhumba, nezinye izimo zesikhumba.

Ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi ezihlobene nokulimala kwamehlo nesikhumba ekushiseleni, abashiseli kufanele bathathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezilandelayo:

Sebenzisa imishini yokuzivikela efanele:

Abashiseli kufanele bagqoke imishini yokuzivikela efanele, njengezigqoko zokushisela ezinamalensi azenza zibe mnyama ngokuzenzakalela, izibuko zokuphepha ezinezivikelo eziseceleni, kanye nezingubo ezingashi, ukuze bazivikele ezingozini zokushisela.

Sebenzisa umoya ofanele:

Umoya owanele wokungenisa umoya ubalulekile ukuze kususwe umusi kanye namagesi okushisela endaweni yokusebenza futhi kuvinjelwe ukunqwabelana kwezinto ezinobuthi. Izinhlelo zokungenisa umoya zokukhipha umoya zasendaweni, njengezikhipha umoya noma ama-hood, kufanele zisetshenziswe ukubamba nokususa umusi emthonjeni.

Sebenzisa amasu afanele okushisela:

Amasu afanele okushisela, njengokugcina ibanga eliphephile ukusuka ku-arc nokugwema ukubheka ngqo ku-arc, angasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokulimala kwamehlo nesikhumba.

Thola ukuqeqeshwa okufanele:

Abashiseli kufanele bathole ukuqeqeshwa ngezingozi ezihlobene nokulimala kwamehlo nesikhumba ekushiseleni kanye nokusetshenziswa okufanele kwemishini yokuzivikela. Ukuqonda izingozi nokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele kubalulekile ekuvikeleni kulezi zingozi.

Ngokusebenzisa lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha nokuqaphela izingozi ezihlobene nokulimala kwamehlo nesikhumba ekushiseleni, abashiseleli bangazivikela engozini yokulimala futhi baqinisekise indawo yokusebenza ephephile.

Umsindo:

Umsindo uyingozi enkulu ekushiseleni. Ukushisela kudala amazinga aphezulu omsindo, okungadala umonakalo wokuzwa uma kungavikelwe ngokwanele. Izingozi eziyinhloko ezihlobene nomsindo ekushiseleni zifaka:

Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa:

Ukuchayeka emazingeni aphezulu omsindo kungabangela umonakalo wokuzwa unomphela, njengokulahlekelwa ukuzwa noma i-tinnitus. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside emazingeni omsindo angaphezu kwama-decibel angu-85 (dB) kungabangela umonakalo wokuzwa.

Izinkinga zokuxhumana:

Amazinga aphezulu omsindo angenza kube nzima ngabasebenzi ukuxhumana ngempumelelo, okungaholela ekungaxhumani kahle kanye nezingozi zokuphepha ezandayo.

Ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi ezihlobene nomsindo ekushiseleni, abashiseli kufanele bathathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezilandelayo:

Sebenzisa isivikelo sokuzwa esifanele:

Abashisela kufanele bagqoke izivikelo zokuzwa ezifanele, njengezimbobo zokuzwa noma izimbobo zokuzwa, ukuze bazivikele ezingozini zomsindo. Izivikelo zokuzwa kufanele zikhethwe ngokusekelwe ezingeni lomsindo kanye nesikhathi sokuchayeka.

Sebenzisa umoya ofanele:

Umoya owanele wokungenisa umoya ubalulekile ukuze kususwe umusi kanye namagesi okushisela endaweni yokusebenza futhi kuvinjelwe ukwakheka kwezinto ezinobuthi. Izinhlelo zokungenisa umoya zokukhipha umoya zasendaweni, njengezikhipha umoya noma ama-hood, kufanele zisetshenziswe ukubamba nokususa umusi emthonjeni. Lokhu kungasiza ekunciphiseni izinga lomsindo endaweni yokusebenza.

Sebenzisa amasu afanele okushisela:

Amasu afanele okushisela, njengokusebenzisa amakhethini okushisela noma izikrini ukuze kuvinjelwe umsindo, angasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokuchayeka komsindo.

Thola ukuqeqeshwa okufanele:

Abashiseli kufanele bathole ukuqeqeshwa ngezingozi ezihlobene nomsindo ekushiseleni kanye nokusetshenziswa okufanele kokuvikela izindlebe. Ukuqonda izingozi nokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele kubalulekile ekuvikeleni kulezi zingozi.

Ngokusebenzisa lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha nokuqaphela izingozi ezihlobene nomsindo ekushiseleni, abashiseleli bangazivikela engozini yokulimala kokuzwa futhi baqinisekise indawo yokusebenza ephephile.

Izingozi Zokulungisa Izinkinga:

Izingozi ze-ergonomic zibhekisela ezintweni eziyingozi ezingaholela ezinkingeni zemisipha (ama-MSD) kanye nokunye ukulimala ngokomzimba ekushiseleni. Ukushisela kuvame ukuhilela ukusebenza ezindaweni ezingajwayelekile, ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe, kanye nokuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo. Lezi zinto zingaholela ekulimaleni kwemisipha, njengokucindezeleka, ukuklwebheka, kanye nezinkinga zomhlane. Izingozi eziyinhloko ezihlobene nezinkinga ze-ergonomic ekushiseleni zifaka:

Ukuma okungajwayelekile:

Ukushisela kuvame ukudinga abasebenzi ukuthi balondoloze ukuma okungajwayelekile isikhathi eside, njengokugoba, ukufinyelela, noma ukusonta. Lezi zikhundla zingacindezela imisipha namalunga, okuholela ekungakhululeki nasekulimaleni okungenzeka.

Izenzo eziphindaphindwayo:

Imisebenzi yokushisela ivame ukuhilela ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe, njengokushisela ubuhlalu noma ukugaya. Ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe kungabangela ukulimala kokusetshenziswa ngokweqile, njenge-tendonitis noma i-carpal tunnel syndrome.

Ukuphakamisa okunzima:

Imishini nezinto zokushisela zingaba nzima, kudinge abasebenzi ukuthi benze imisebenzi yokuphakamisa, ukuthwala, noma yokusunduza/ukudonsa njalo. Amasu okuphakamisa angafanele noma imithwalo eminingi kakhulu kungacindezela umhlane futhi kuholele ekulimaleni komhlane.

Ukuchayeka ekudlidlizeni:

Amathuluzi okushisela, njengemishini yokugaya noma izando zokuqhekeza, angakhiqiza ukudlidliza okungadluliselwa ezandleni nasezingalweni. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ekudlidlizeni kungabangela i-hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) nezinye izifo ezihlobene nayo.

Ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi ezihlobene nezinkinga ze-ergonomic ekushiseni, abashiseli kufanele bathathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezilandelayo:

Gcina ukusebenza komzimba okulungile:

Izisebenzi kufanele ziqeqeshwe ngezindlela ezifanele zokuphakamisa kanye nokusebenza komzimba ukuze kugwenywe ukucindezeleka okungadingekile emisipheni nasemalungeni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa imilenze ukuphakamisa, ukugcina umhlane uqondile, kanye nokugwema ukunyakaza okujiyile.

Sebenzisa imishini ye-ergonomic:

Abashiseli kufanele basebenzise imishini yokulungisa, njengezindawo zokusebenza ezilungisekayo, ama-manipulator okushisela, noma izibani zokushisela ezilungisayo, ukuze banciphise ukucindezeleka emzimbeni futhi bakhuthaze ukuma okufanele.

Thatha ikhefu njalo:

Ukuphumula njalo ngesikhathi semisebenzi yokushisela kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokulimala ngokweqile. Ukuzilolonga noma ukushintsha izikhundla ngesikhathi sekhefu kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukukhathala kwemisipha nokukhuthaza ukujikeleza kwegazi.

Sebenzisa amadivayisi okusiza:

Abashiseli kufanele basebenzise amadivayisi okusiza, njengezinsiza zokuphakamisa noma amathuluzi e-ergonomic, ukuze banciphise ukucindezeleka ngokomzimba okuhlobene nokuphakamisa okunzima noma imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo.

Yakha indawo yokusebenza ngendlela efanele:

Indawo yokusebenzela yokushisela kufanele yakhelwe ukukhuthaza ukuma okufanele nokunciphisa ukucindezeleka. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukulungisa ukuphakama kwezindawo zokusebenza, ukuhlinzeka ngamacansi okuvimbela ukukhathala, nokuqinisekisa ukukhanya okwanele.

Ngokusebenzisa lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha nokuqaphela izingozi ezihambisana nezinkinga ze-ergonomic ekushiseleni, abashiseli bangazivikela engozini yezinkinga zemisipha nezinye ukulimala ngokomzimba, baqinisekise indawo yokusebenza ephephile nenempilo.

Imishini Yokuphepha Ebalulekile Yokushisela

Ukushisela kuwumsebenzi oyingozi odinga ukusetshenziswa kwemishini efanele yokuphepha ukuvikela umshiseli nabanye endaweni. Lokhu okulandelayo kuyimishini yokuphepha ebalulekile yokushisela:

Isigqoko sokushisela:

Isigqoko sokushisela siyisivikelo esibaluleke kakhulu somshini wokushisa. Sivikela ubuso bomshini wokushisela, amehlo, nentamo ekukhanyeni okukhulu, ekushiseni, nasemisebeni ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokushisela. Izigqoko zokushisela kufanele zifakwe ilensi yomthunzi efanele inqubo yokushisela eyenziwayo.

Amagilavu ​​​​okushisela:

Amagilavu ​​okushisela avikela izandla zomshiseli ekushiseni, ezinhlansini, kanye nensimbi encibilikisiwe ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokushisela. Kufanele enziwe ngezinto ezingashisi futhi anikeze ikhono elanele lomsebenzi wokushisela.

Ijazi lokushisela:

Ijazi lokushisela livikela umzimba ongaphezulu ezinhlansini, ekushiseni, nasemisebeni ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokushisela. Kufanele lenziwe ngezinto ezingashisi ilangabi futhi limboze izingalo, umzimba kanye nentamo.

Amabhuzu okushisela:

Amabhuzu okushisela avikela izinyawo zomshiseli ezinhlansini, ekushiseni nasezintweni eziwayo. Kufanele zenziwe ngezinto eziqinile, ezingashisi futhi zinikeze ukubamba okuhle ukuvimbela ukushelela nokuwa.

Umshini wokuphefumula:

Ukushisela kukhiqiza umusi kanye namagesi angaba yingozi uma ephefumulwa. Kufanele kugqokwe umshini wokuphefumula ukuze kuvikelwe umshiseli ekuphefumuleni lezi zinto eziyingozi. Uhlobo lomshini wokuphefumula oludingekayo luzoncika enkambisweni yokushisela kanye nohlobo lomusi okhiqizwayo.

Izibuko zokuphepha:

Izibuko zokuphepha zivikela amehlo omshiseli ezingcoleni nasezinhlansini ezindizayo. Kufanele zenziwe ngezinto ezingashayisani futhi zivikeleke eceleni.

Ama-Earplug noma ama-Earmuff:

Ukushisela kukhiqiza amazinga aphezulu omsindo angalimaza ukuzwa komshiseli. Ama-earplug noma ama-earmuff kufanele agqokwe ukuze avikele ekulimaleni kokuzwa.

I-fire extinguisher:

Isicisha-mlilo kufanele sitholakale kalula uma kwenzeka umlilo. Uhlobo lwesicisha-mlilo esidingekayo luzoncika ohlotsheni lomlilo olungase lube khona.

Ngokusebenzisa imishini yokuphepha yokushisela efanele, abashisela bangazivikela bona kanye nabanye endaweni ezingozini ezihlobene nokushisela. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa yonke imishini okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla ukuqinisekisa indawo yokusebenza ephephile.

Ukugcina Indawo Yokusebenza Iphephile

Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha ngesikhathi sokushisela, kubalulekile ukugcina imishini elandelayo iseduze:

I-fire extinguisher:

Yiba nesicisha-mlilo esiseduze uma kwenzeka kuba nezimo eziphuthumayo zomlilo. Qinisekisa ukuthi isicisha-mlilo sifanelekile ekucimeni imililo ehlanganisa izinto ezivuthayo, njengemililo yeClass C (imililo kagesi) kanye nemililo yeClass D (imililo ehlanganisa izinsimbi ezivuthayo).

I khithi yosizo lokuqala:

Gcina ikhithi yosizo lokuqala egcwele kahle eduze ukuze ubhekane nanoma yikuphi ukulimala okuncane okungase kwenzeke ngesikhathi sokushisela. Ikhithi kufanele ibe nezinto ezifana namabhandeji, ikhambi lokubulala amagciwane, ijeli yokusha, amagilavu, kanye nezikele.

Izibuko zokuphepha:

Ngaphandle kokugqoka isigqoko sokushisela, izibuko zokuphepha zinganikeza isivikelo esengeziwe samehlo ezingcoleni ezindizayo noma izinhlansi ezingase zidlule isigqoko. Gcina izibuko zokuphepha ziseduze ukuze uzigqoke uma kudingeka.

Ukushisela izingubo zokulala noma amakhethini:

Ama-blanket noma amakhethini okushisela asetshenziselwa ukuvikela izinto eziseduze ezivuthayo ezinhlansini nasezinhlansini. Gcina lezi zinto eduze ukuze uvikele indawo ezungezile futhi uvimbele imililo engazelelwe.

Izikrini zokushisela:

Izikrini zokushisela zisetshenziselwa ukudala umgoqo phakathi kwendawo yokushisela kanye nabanye abasebenzi noma abadlulayo. Zivikela abanye emiphumeleni eyingozi yokukhanya kokushisela, imisebe, kanye nezinhlansi. Gcina isikrini sokushisela eduze ukuze umise indawo yokusebenza ephephile.

Izikhonkwane zokushisela noma izibambo:

Ama-pliers noma ama-clamp okushisela angamathuluzi awusizo okuphatha insimbi eshisayo, ukususa i-slag, noma ukubamba izinto zokusebenza ngokuphephile. Gcina la mathuluzi eduze ukuze ugweme ukusebenzisa izandla ezingenalutho noma ukufaka engozini yokusha.

Imishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu (i-PPE):

Ngaphezu kwesigqoko sokushisela, amagilavu, kanye nejakethi, qiniseka ukuthi une-PPE eyengeziwe etholakalayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amagilavu ​​​​engeziwe, izibuko zokuphepha, ama-earplug noma ama-earmuff, kanye nanoma iyiphi enye i-PPE eqondene nenqubo yokushisela eyenziwayo.

Umoya ofanele:

Umoya owanele wokungenisa umoya ubalulekile ukuze kususwe umusi kanye namagesi okushisela endaweni yokusebenza. Qinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zokungenisa umoya, njengeziphephetha-moya noma izikhiphi-moya zokukhipha umoya, zikhona futhi zisebenza kahle.

Ngokugcina lezi zinto zokuphepha ziseduze, abashiseli bangazithola ngokushesha uma kudingeka, baqinisekise indawo yokusebenza ephephile futhi banciphise ingozi yezingozi noma ukulimala ngesikhathi sokushisela.

Isiphetho：

Kubalulekile ukuthi abashiseli baqaphele lezi zingozi futhi basebenzise izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele, okuhlanganisa ukugqoka imishini yokuzivikela efanele, ukulandela imikhuba yokusebenza ephephile, nokuthola ukuqeqeshwa okwanele, ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi ezihlobene nokushisela.