Umhlahlandlela Wabasaqalayo Wokuphepha Kwe-Welding!

Ukushisela kuyinqubo esetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, njengokwakha, ukukhiqiza, nokulungisa izimoto.Nakuba ukushisela kuyikhono elibalulekile, kuhlanganisa nezingozi ezingase zibangele ukulimala okukhulu uma izinyathelo ezifanele zokuphepha zingalandelwa.Lo mhlahlandlela wabaqalayo uhlose ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi olubanzi mayelana nokuphepha kokushisela, okuhlanganisa okokuvikela umuntu (i-PPE), imikhuba ephephile yokusebenza, kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona okufanele wazi.

Kungani Ukuphepha Kubalulekile Ekushiseleni?

Ukuphepha kubaluleke kakhulu ekushiseleni ngezizathu ezimbalwa:

Ukuvikelwa Komuntu Siqu:

Ukushisela kuhilela izingozi ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nokushisa okukhulu, izinhlansi, nentuthu eyingozi.Izinyathelo zokuphepha, ezinjengokugqoka izinto ezifanele zokuvikela umuntu (i-PPE), ziqinisekisa ukuthi amashisela avikelekile ekushiseni, ekulimaleni kwamehlo, ezinkingeni zokuphefumula, nezinye izingozi zempilo ezingaba khona.

Ukuvimbela Izingozi:

Imisebenzi yokushisela ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ukusebenza ngamalangabi avulekile, amazinga okushisa aphezulu, namaza kagesi.Ukungazinaki izinyathelo zokuphepha kungaholela ezingozini, ezinjengomlilo, ukuqhuma, ukushaqeka kukagesi, nokuwa.Ukulandela izinqubo zokuphepha ezifanele kunciphisa ubungozi bezingozi futhi kudala indawo yokusebenza ephephile.

Impilo Nenhlalakahle:

Ukushisela kukhiqiza intuthu namagesi angaba yingozi uma ehogeliwe.Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kulezi zinto kungaholela ezinkingeni zokuphefumula, izifo zamaphaphu, nezinye izinkinga zezempilo zesikhathi eside.Ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezifanele zokungenisa umoya nokusebenzisa isivikelo sokuphefumula, abashiseli bangavikela impilo yabo nokuphila kahle.

Ukuhambisana Nemithethonqubo:

Ohulumeni nezinhlangano ezilawulayo basungule imithetho nemigomo yokuphepha yokusebenza kokushisela.Ukunamathela kule mithethonqubo akudingekile ngokomthetho kuphela kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yokusebenza ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha ezidingekayo.Ukuthobela imithetho yezokuphepha kusiza ukuvimbela izingozi, kuvikela abasebenzi, futhi kugweme izinhlawulo noma imiphumela yezomthetho.

Ukukhiqiza kanye Nempumelelo:

Izinyathelo zokuphepha, njengokuqeqeshwa okufanele kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezifanele, zinomthelela esimweni sokusebenza esisebenza kahle nesikhiqizayo.Lapho abasebenzi bezizwa bephephile futhi beqiniseka endaweni ebazungezile, bangagxila emisebenzini yabo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngezingozi ezingase zibe khona.Lokhu kuholela ekwandeni kokukhiqiza kanye nomsebenzi osezingeni eliphezulu.

Idumela Nokwethenjwa:

Izinkampani ezibeka phambili ukuphepha emisebenzini yazo yokushisela zibonisa ukuzibophezela kwazo enhlalakahleni yabasebenzi bazo.Lokhu kuzibophezela kwakha ukwethembana phakathi kwabasebenzi, amakhasimende, kanye nomphakathi jikelele.Irekhodi elihle lokuphepha kanye nedumela lokubeka phambili ukuphepha kungaheha abasebenzi abanamakhono futhi kuthuthukise isithombe senkampani embonini.

Ukonga Izindleko:

Ukutshala imali ezindleleni zokuphepha kungase kudinge izindleko zangaphambili, kodwa ekugcineni kuholela ekongeni kwezindleko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Ukuvimbela izingozi nokulimala kunciphisa izindleko zezokwelapha, izimangalo zesinxephezelo sabasebenzi, kanye nezikweletu ezingokomthetho ezingaba khona.Ukwengeza, indawo yokusebenza ephephile inciphisa ukulimala kwemishini, isikhathi sokuphumula, nokulungiswa okumba eqolo.

Sengiphetha, ukuphepha kubalulekile ekushiseleni ukuze kuvikelwe abasebenzi ezingozini ezingaba khona, kuvinjwe izingozi, kugcinwe impilo enhle, kuhambisane nemithethonqubo, kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqiza, nokwakha idumela elihle.Ukubeka phambili ukuphepha akuvikeli nje kuphela inhlalakahle yabashiseli kodwa futhi kunomthelela ekusebenzeni okuphumelelayo nokuphumelelayo kokushisela.

Yiziphi Izingozi Eziyinhloko Ekushiseleni?

Kunezingozi ezimbalwa eziyinhloko ezihlobene nokushisela okudingeka abashiseli baziqaphele futhi bathathe izinyathelo zokuphepha kuzo.Lezi zingozi zihlanganisa:

I-Arc Flash:

I-arc flash ingenye yezingozi ezinkulu ekushiseleni.Isho ukukhululwa kokushisa okunamandla nokukhanya okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokushisela, ikakhulukazi phakathi nezinqubo zokushisela i-arc njenge-shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) noma i-gas metal arc welding (GMAW).Kungabangela ukusha okukhulu esikhumbeni nasemehlweni uma isivikelo esifanele singasetshenziswa.Abashiseli kufanele bahlale begqoke isigqoko sokushisela esinesihlungi esifanele sokuzenza mnyama ukuze bavikeleke ku-arc flash.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-arc flash ekushiseni yilezi:

Ukuchayeka emisebeni ye-UV ne-IR:

Ama-arcs welding akhipha imisebe ye-ultraviolet (UV) enamandla ne-infrared (IR).Imisebe ye-UV ingabangela ukusha kwesikhumba okufana nokushiswa yilanga, kuyilapho imisebe ye-IR ikhiqiza ukushisa okungadala ukusha.Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kule misebe ngaphandle kokuvikelwa okufanele kungaholela ekushiseni okukhulu kanye nomonakalo wesikhathi eside.

Ukukhanya okukhulu nokushisa:

Ukukhanya kwe-arc yokushisela kungaba yimpumputhe futhi kubangele ukukhubazeka kokubona kwesikhashana noma unomphela uma amehlo engavikelekile ngendlela efanele.Ukushisa okunamandla okukhiqizwe i-arc nakho kungabangela ukusha esikhumbeni, ngisho nasendaweni ekude nomsebenzi wokushisela.

Ukuvikela ezingozini ze-arc flash, abashiseli kufanele bathathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezilandelayo:

Gqoka isivikelo samehlo esifanele:

Isigqoko sokushisela esine-lens yomthunzi ofanele sibalulekile ukuze kuvikelwe amehlo ekukhanyeni okunamandla nemisebe ekhishwa ngesikhathi sokushisela.Izinga lomthunzi welensi kufanele likhethwe ngokusekelwe kunqubo yokushisela kanye ne-amperage esetshenzisiwe.

Sebenzisa izingubo zokuzivikela:

Abashiseli kufanele bagqoke izingubo ezimelana nelangabi, njengebhantshi elishiselayo noma iphinifa, ukuze bavikele isikhumba sabo ezinhlansini, ezinsimbi ezincibilikisiwe, nokushisa okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokushisela.Kufanele kugqokwe nemikhono emide, amabhulukwe, nezicathulo ezivaliwe.

Sebenzisa ukungena komoya ngendlela efanele:

Ukungena komoya okwanele kubalulekile ukuze kukhishwe intuthu yokushisela namagesi endaweni yokusebenza.Ukungena komoya ngendlela efanele kusiza ukunciphisa ukuchayeka ezintweni ezinobuthi futhi kunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga zokuphefumula.

Landela izinqubo zokusebenza eziphephile:

Abashiseli kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi indawo yokusebenza ayinazo izinto ezivuthayo nokuthi izindlela zokuvimbela umlilo, njengezicishamlilo, zitholakala kalula.Ukulandela amasu okushisela afanele nokugcina ibanga eliphephile ukusuka ku-arc nakho kungasiza ekunciphiseni ubungozi be-arc flash.

Thola ukuqeqeshwa okufanele:

Abashiseli kufanele baqeqeshelwe ubungozi be-arc flash, izinqubo zokuphepha, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto zokuzivikela.Kufanele baqaphele izinqubo zokusabela ezimeni eziphuthumayo uma kwenzeka kuba nesigameko se-arc flash.

Ngokuqonda izingozi ezihlobene ne-arc flash nokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezifanele zokuphepha, abashiseli bangakwazi ukuzivikela ezingozini futhi banciphise amathuba okusha okukhulu nokulimala kwamehlo.

Umusi namagesi:

Ukushisela kukhiqiza intuthu namagesi anobuthi, njenge-ozone, ama-nitrogen oxide, nentuthu yensimbi.Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kulezi zinto kungaholela ezinkingeni zokuphefumula, izifo zamaphaphu, nezinye izindaba zezempilo.Abashiselayo kufanele baqinisekise ukungena komoya okufanele endaweni yokusebenza ukuze basuse lokhu kungcola futhi basebenzise ukuvikela ukuphefumula, njengama-respirators noma imaski, njengoba kunconyiwe.Izingozi eziyinhloko ezihlobene nentuthu yokushisela namagesi zihlanganisa:

Izinkinga zokuphefumula:

Ukuhogela intuthu yokushisela namagesi kungaholela ezinkingeni ezihlukahlukene zokuphefumula, njenge-welding fume fever, i-bronchitis, isifuba somoya, nezinye izifo zamaphaphu.Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kulezi zinto kungabangela izinkinga zempilo zesikhathi eside.

I-Metal fume fever:

I-Metal fume fever yisifo esifana nomkhuhlane esibangelwa ukuhogela intuthu yensimbi, ikakhulukazi intuthu ye-zinc oxide.Izimpawu zihlanganisa imfiva, ukugodola, ikhanda elibuhlungu, isicanucanu, nobuhlungu bemisipha.Nakuba ngokuvamile kungokwesikhashana, ukuchayeka okuphindaphindiwe kungaholela emiphumeleni yezempilo engapheli.

Amagesi anobuthi:

Izinqubo zokushisela zikhiqiza amagesi anobuthi, njenge-ozone, ama-nitrogen oxide, i-carbon monoxide, nama-metal oxides ahlukahlukene.Ukuhogela la magesi kungabangela ukucasuka kokuphefumula, isiyezi, isicanucanu, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuphelelwa umoya noma ukungenwa ushevu.

Izinto ze-Carcinogenic:

Ezinye izintuthu zokushisela ziqukethe izinto ezidala umdlavuza, njenge-hexavalent chromium, i-nickel, ne-cadmium.Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kulezi zinto kungandisa ingozi yokuba namaphaphu, umphimbo, noma ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza.

Ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi ezihlobene nentuthu yokushisela namagesi, abashiseli kufanele bathathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezilandelayo:

Qinisekisa ukungena komoya ngendlela efanele:

Ukungena komoya okwanele kubalulekile ukuze kukhishwe intuthu yokushisela namagesi endaweni yokusebenza.Amasistimu okukhipha umoya endawo, njengezikhipha intuthu noma izivalo, kufanele asetshenziselwe ukuthwebula nokususa intuthu emthonjeni.Ukungenisa umoya okuvamile, okufana namafeni noma iminyango/amafasitela avuliwe, nakho kungasiza ukuthuthukisa ukujikeleza komoya.

Sebenzisa isivikelo sokuphefumula:

Uma ukungena komoya kunganele noma lapho besebenza ezindaweni ezivalekile, abashiseli kufanele basebenzise isivikelo sokuphefumula esifanele, njengezinsimbi zokuphefumula noma izifihla-buso, ukuze bahlunge intuthu eyingozi namagesi.Ukukhethwa komshini wokuphefumula kufanele kusekelwe enqubweni ethile yokushisela kanye nohlobo lokungcola okukhona.

Khetha izinqubo nezisetshenziswa ezikhipha umoya omncane:

Ezinye izinqubo zokushisela zikhiqiza intuthu namagesi ambalwa uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye.Isibonelo, i-gas metal arc welding (GMAW) enocingo oluqinile ngokuvamile ikhiqiza intuthu embalwa kune-flux-cored arc welding (FCAW).Ukusebenzisa izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezikhishwa kancane kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo nakho kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukukhiqizwa kwentuthu enobuthi.

Gcina indawo yokusebenza ihlanzekile:

Hlanza njalo indawo yokusebenza ukuze ususe uthuli olunqwabelene, udoti, nentuthu.Ukulahlwa kwemfucuza okufanele kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo, njengama-spool ezintambo ezingenalutho noma ama-electrode asetshenzisiwe, kubalulekile futhi ukuvimbela ukuchayeka ezintweni eziyingozi.

Thola ukuqeqeshwa okufanele:

Abashisela kufanele bathole ukuqeqeshwa ngezingozi ezihlobene nentuthu yokushisela namagesi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kahle kwezinhlelo zokungenisa umoya nokuvikela ukuphefumula.Ukuqonda ubungozi kanye nokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezifanele zokuphepha kubalulekile ukuze kuvikelwe lezi zingozi.

Ngokusebenzisa lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha kanye nokuqaphela izingozi ezihlobene nentuthu yokushisela namagesi, abashiseli bangavikela impilo yabo yokuphefumula futhi banciphise ubungozi bezinkinga zezempilo zesikhathi eside.

Ukushaqeka kukagesi:

Ukushaqeka kukagesi kungenye ingozi ebalulekile ekushiseleni.Ukushisela kuhlanganisa amaza kagesi aphezulu angabangela ukushaqeka kukagesi uma kungathathwa izinyathelo ezifanele.Abashiselayo kufanele bagweme ukuthinta izingxenye zikagesi eziphilayo futhi baqinisekise ukuthi imishini yokushisela isekelwe kahle.Ukuhlola izintambo zomonakalo nokugwema ukuthintana nendawo emanzi noma amanzi ngenkathi ukushisela kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukushaqeka kukagesi.Izingozi eziyinhloko ezihlobene nokushaqeka kukagesi ekushiseleni zihlanganisa:

Ukushiswa:

Ukushaqeka ngogesi kungabangela ukusha okukhulu esikhunjeni nasezithweni zangaphakathi.Ukushisa okukhiqizwa amandla kagesi kungabangela ukulimala kwezicubu futhi kungase kudinge usizo lwezokwelapha.

Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo:

Ukushaqeka ngogesi kungabangela ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo, okuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha.Umsinga kagesi ungaphazamisa isigqi senhliziyo esivamile, okuholela ekuboshweni kwenhliziyo kungazelelwe.

Ukulimala kwezinzwa:

Ukushaqeka ngogesi kungabangela ukulimala kwezinzwa, okungabangela ukuba ndikindiki, ukuluma, noma ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa endaweni ethintekile.Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungabangela ukukhubazeka noma ukulahlekelwa ukulawulwa kwemisipha.

Ukunciphisa izingozi ezihlobene nokushaqeka kukagesi, abashisela kufanele bathathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezilandelayo:

Sebenzisa isisekelo esifanele:

Yonke imishini yokushisela kufanele ibekwe kahle ukuze kuvinjelwe ukushaqeka kukagesi.Umshini wokushisela, i-workpiece, kanye netafula lokushisela kufanele kuxhunywe kukhebula eliphansi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi noma iyiphi i-cury current iqondiswe ngokuphephile phansi.

Hlola okokusebenza njalo:

Izinto zokushisela kufanele zihlolwe njalo ukuze kubhekwe izimpawu zokuguga, njengezintambo ezifayo noma izinto zokuvikela ezilimele.Imishini eyonakele kufanele ilungiswe noma ishintshwe ngokushesha ukuze kuvinjelwe ukushaqeka kukagesi.

Sebenzisa izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele:

Abashiseli kufanele bagqoke izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele, njengamagilavu ​​enjoloba namabhuzu, ukuze bazivikele ekushayweni ugesi.Amagilavu ​​namabhuzu kufanele kuhlolwe njalo ukuthi azikho izimpawu zomonakalo.

Gwema izimo ezimanzi:

Ukushisela akufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezimanzi noma ezindaweni ezimanzi.Izimo ezimanzi zandisa ingozi yokushaqeka kukagesi, njengoba amanzi engumqhubi omuhle kagesi.

Thola ukuqeqeshwa okufanele:

Abashisela kufanele bathole ukuqeqeshwa ngezingozi ezihlobene nokushaqeka kukagesi kanye nokusetshenziswa kahle kwemishini yokushisela.Ukuqonda ubungozi kanye nokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezifanele zokuphepha kubalulekile ukuze kuvikelwe lezi zingozi.

Ngokusebenzisa lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha nokuqaphela izingozi ezihlobene nokushaqeka kukagesi ekushiseleni, ama-welders angakwazi ukuzivikela engozini yokulimala futhi aqinisekise indawo yokusebenza ephephile.

Umlilo Nokuqhuma:

Umlilo nokuqhuma kuyizingozi ezinkulu ekushiseleni.Izinhlansi nensimbi eshisayo ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokushisela kungathungela izinto ezivuthayo, okuholela emlilweni noma ukuqhuma.Kubalulekile ukusula indawo yokusebenza yanoma yiziphi izinto ezivuthayo futhi kube nezinyathelo zokuvimbela umlilo, njengezicishamlilo nezithiyo ezingashi.Kunconywa ukuba newashi lomlilo ngesikhathi nangemva kokushisela.Izingozi eziyinhloko ezihlobene nomlilo nokuqhuma ekushiseleni zihlanganisa:

Ukushiswa kwezinto ezivuthayo:

Izinhlansi zokushisela nokushisa kungathungela izinto ezivuthayo, njengezincibilikisi, uwoyela namagesi.Lokhu kungaholela emlilweni noma ukuqhuma, okungadala umonakalo omkhulu empahleni nokulimala kwabasebenzi.

Uthuli oluvuthayo:

I-Welding ikhiqiza uthuli nemfucumfucu, engasha lapho ixutshwe nomoya.Uma kubasiwe, uthuli oluvuthayo lungabangela umlilo noma ukuqhuma, okungaba yingozi ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivaliwe.

Ukwandisa umoya-mpilo:

Izinqubo zokushisela ezisebenzisa umoya-mpilo zingakhuphula ukugcwala komoyampilo emoyeni, okungadala ingozi yomlilo.Ukunothiswa komoyampilo kungabangela ukuba izinto zokwakha zishise kalula futhi kungaholela ekusakazekeni komlilo ngokushesha.

Ukunciphisa izingozi ezihlobene nomlilo nokuqhuma ekushiseleni, abashiseli kufanele bathathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezilandelayo:

Gcina indawo yokusebenza ihlanzekile:

Hlanza njalo indawo yokusebenza ukuze ususe uthuli olunqwabelene, udoti nezinto ezivuthayo.Ukulahlwa kwemfucuza okufanele kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo, njengama-spools ezintambo ezingenalutho noma ama-electrode asetshenzisiwe, kubalulekile futhi ukuvimbela ukunqwabelana kwezinto ezivuthayo.

Sebenzisa i-ventilation efanele:

Ukungena komoya owanele kubalulekile ukuze kukhishwe intuthu yokushisela namagesi endaweni yokusebenza futhi kuvinjwe ukunqwabelana kothuli oluvuthayo.Amasistimu okukhipha umoya endawo, njengezikhipha intuthu noma izivalo, kufanele asetshenziselwe ukuthwebula nokususa intuthu emthonjeni.Ukungenisa umoya okuvamile, okufana namafeni noma iminyango/amafasitela avuliwe, nakho kungasiza ukuthuthukisa ukujikeleza komoya.

Sebenzisa izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele:

Abashiseli kufanele bagqoke izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele, njengezingubo ezingashi, amagilavu, namabhuzu, ukuze bazivikele engozini yomlilo nokuqhuma.

Gwema ukushisela eduze kwezinto ezivuthayo:

Ukushisela akufanele kwenziwe eduze kwezinto ezivuthayo, njengezincibilikisi, uwoyela namagesi.Uma ukushisela eduze kwezinto ezivuthayo kudingekile, izinto ezifanele zokucima umlilo, njengezicishamlilo, kufanele zitholakale kalula.

Thola ukuqeqeshwa okufanele:

Abashisela kufanele bathole ukuqeqeshwa ngezingozi ezihlobene nomlilo nokuqhuma ekushiseleni kanye nokusetshenziswa okufanele kwemishini yokucima umlilo.Ukuqonda ubungozi kanye nokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezifanele zokuphepha kubalulekile ukuze kuvikelwe lezi zingozi.

Ngokusebenzisa lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha kanye nokuqaphela izingozi ezihlobene nomlilo nokuqhuma ekushiseleni, ama-welders angakwazi ukuzivikela engozini yokulimala futhi aqinisekise indawo yokusebenza ephephile.

Ukulimala Kwamehlo Nesikhumba:

Ukulimala kwamehlo nesikhumba kuyizingozi ezivamile ekushiseleni.I-Welding ikhiqiza ukukhanya okukhulu, ukushisa, nemisebe, engabangela ukulimala kwamehlo nesikhumba uma ingavikelekile ngokwanele.Izingozi eziyinhloko ezihlobene nokulimala kwamehlo nesikhumba ekushiseleni zihlanganisa:

I-Arc flash:

I-Arc flash iwukukhululwa okungazelelwe kokushisa okunamandla nokukhanya okungenzeka ngesikhathi sokushisela.Kungabangela ukusha okubi emehlweni nasesikhumbeni futhi kungabangela ukulimala okungapheli emehlweni.

Intuthu yokushisela:

Intuthu yokushisela iqukethe izinto ezinobuthi, njengama-metal oxides namagesi, angabangela izinkinga zokuphefumula nokucasuka kwesikhumba.Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kuntuthu wokushisela kungaholela ezimweni zempilo ezingapheli, njengomdlavuza wamaphaphu kanye ne-metal fume fever.

Imisebe ye-Ultraviolet (UV):

I-Welding ikhiqiza imisebe ye-UV, engabangela ukulimala kwamehlo nesikhumba.Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside emisebeni ye-UV kungaholela ekubeni ulwelwesi lwamehlo, umdlavuza wesikhumba, nezinye izifo zesikhumba.

Ukuze unciphise izingozi ezihlobene nokulimala kwamehlo nesikhumba ekushiseleni, abashiseli kufanele bathathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezilandelayo:

Sebenzisa izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele:

Abashiseli kufanele bagqoke izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele, njengezigqoko zokushisela ezinamalensi azenza mnyama, izibuko zokuphepha ezinezivikelo ezisemaceleni nezingubo ezingashi, ukuze bazivikele ezingozini zokushisela.

Sebenzisa i-ventilation efanele:

Ukungena komoya owanele kubalulekile ukuze kukhishwe intuthu eshiselayo namagesi endaweni yokusebenza futhi kuvinjwe ukunqwabelana kwezinto ezinobuthi.Amasistimu okukhipha umoya endawo, njengezikhipha intuthu noma izivalo, kufanele asetshenziselwe ukuthwebula nokususa intuthu emthonjeni.

Sebenzisa amasu okushisela afanele:

Amasu okushisela afanelekile, njengokugcina ibanga eliphephile ukusuka ku-arc nokugwema ukubuka ngqo i-arc, angasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokulimala kwamehlo nesikhumba.

Thola ukuqeqeshwa okufanele:

Abashiseli kufanele bathole ukuqeqeshwa mayelana nezingozi ezihlobene nokulimala kwamehlo nesikhumba ekushiseleni nasekusetshenzisweni ngendlela efanele kwezinto zokuzivikela.Ukuqonda ubungozi kanye nokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezifanele zokuphepha kubalulekile ukuze kuvikelwe lezi zingozi.

Ngokusebenzisa lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha kanye nokuqaphela izingozi ezihlobene nokulimala kwamehlo nesikhumba ekushiseleni, ama-welders angakwazi ukuzivikela engozini yokulimala futhi aqinisekise indawo yokusebenza ephephile.

Umsindo:

Umsindo uyingozi enkulu ekushiseleni.I-Welding yenza amazinga aphezulu omsindo, angabangela ukulimala kwezindlebe uma kungavikelwe ngokwanele.Izingozi eziyinhloko ezihambisana nomsindo ekushiseleni zihlanganisa:

Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa:

Ukuchayeka emazingeni aphezulu omsindo kungabangela ukulimala kwezindlebe unomphela, njengokulahlekelwa ukuzwa noma i-tinnitus.Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kumazinga omsindo angaphezu kuka-85 decibel (dB) kungabangela ukulimala kwezindlebe.

Izinkinga zokuxhumana:

Izinga eliphezulu lomsindo lingenza kube nzima ukuthi abasebenzi baxhumane ngokuphumelelayo, okungaholela ekungakhulumisani kahle nokwanda kwezingozi zokuphepha.

Ukuze unciphise izingozi ezihlobene nomsindo ekushiseleni, abashiseli kufanele bathathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezilandelayo:

Sebenzisa isivikelo sokuzwa esifanele:

Abashiselayo kufanele bagqoke isivikelo sokuzwa esifanele, njengama-earplugs noma ama-earmuff, ukuze bazivikele ezingozini zomsindo.Ukuvikela ukuzwa kufanele kukhethwe ngokusekelwe ezingeni lomsindo kanye nesikhathi sokuchayeka.

Sebenzisa i-ventilation efanele:

Ukungena komoya owanele kubalulekile ukuze kukhishwe intuthu eshiselayo namagesi endaweni yokusebenza futhi kuvinjwe ukunqwabelana kwezinto ezinobuthi.Amasistimu okukhipha umoya endawo, njengezikhipha intuthu noma izivalo, kufanele asetshenziselwe ukuthwebula nokususa intuthu emthonjeni.Lokhu kungasiza ukunciphisa izinga lomsindo endaweni yokusebenza.

Sebenzisa amasu okushisela afanele:

Amasu okushisela afanelekile, afana nokusebenzisa amakhethini okushisela noma izikrini ukuze aqukathe umsindo, angasiza ekunciphiseni ubungozi bokuvezwa komsindo.

Thola ukuqeqeshwa okufanele:

Abashiseli kufanele bathole ukuqeqeshwa mayelana nezingozi ezihlobene nomsindo wokushisela kanye nokusetshenziswa okufanele kokuvikela izindlebe.Ukuqonda ubungozi kanye nokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezifanele zokuphepha kubalulekile ukuze kuvikelwe lezi zingozi.

Ngokusebenzisa lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha nokuqaphela izingozi ezihlobene nomsindo ekushiseleni, abashiseli bangazivikela engozini yokulimala kwezindlebe futhi baqinisekise indawo yokusebenza ephephile.

Izingozi ze-Ergonomic:

Izingozi ze-ergonomic zibhekisela ezintweni eziyingozi ezingaholela ekuphazamisekeni kwemisipha (MSDs) nokunye ukulimala ngokomzimba ekushiseleni.Ukushisela ngokuvamile kuhilela ukusebenza ezindaweni ezingavamile, ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo, nokuphakamisa okusindayo.Lezi zici zingaholela ekulimaleni kwe-musculoskeletal, njengezinkinga, ama-sprains, nezinkinga zeqolo.Izingozi eziyinhloko ezihlobene nezinkinga ze-ergonomic ekushiseni zihlanganisa:

Ukuma okungajwayelekile:

Ukushisela ngokuvamile kudinga ukuthi izisebenzi zigcine ukuma okungajwayelekile isikhathi eside, njengokugoba, ukufinyela, noma ukusonteka.Lezi zikhundla zingakwazi ukucindezela imisipha namalunga, okuholela ekuphatheni kabi kanye nokulimala okungenzeka.

Ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo:

Imisebenzi yokushisela ngokuvamile ihilela ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe, njengokushisela ubuhlalu noma ukugaya.Ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe kungabangela ukulimala ngokweqile, njenge-tendonitis noma i-carpal tunnel syndrome.

Ukuphakamisa kanzima:

Imishini yokushisela kanye nezinto zokwakha zingasinda, zidinge ukuthi abasebenzi benze njalo ukuphakamisa, ukuthwala, noma ukusunduza/ukudonsa.Amasu okuphakamisa angalungile noma imithwalo eningi kakhulu ingacindezela emuva futhi iholele ekulimaleni emuva.

Ukuvezwa kokudlidliza:

Amathuluzi okushisela, afana nezigayo noma izando eziqhephukayo, angakhiqiza ukundindizela okungadluliselwa ezandleni nasezingalweni.Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ekudlidlizeni kungaholela ku-hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) nezinye iziyaluyalu ezihlobene.

Ukuze unciphise izingozi ezihlobene nezinkinga ze-ergonomic ekushiseleni, abashiseli kufanele bathathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezilandelayo:

Gcina imishini efanele yomzimba:

Izisebenzi kufanele ziqeqeshwe ngezindlela ezifanele zokuphakamisa kanye nezinsimbi zomzimba ukuze zigweme ubunzima obungenasidingo emisipha nasemalungeni.Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa imilenze ukuphakamisa, ukugcina umhlane uqondile, nokugwema ukunyakaza okusonta.

Sebenzisa imishini ye-ergonomic:

Abashiseli kufanele basebenzise okokusebenza kwe-ergonomic, njengezindawo zokusebenza ezilungisekayo, izikhohlisi zokushisela, noma amathoshi okushisela e-ergonomic, ukuze banciphise ubunzima emzimbeni futhi bakhuthaze ukuma okufanele.

Thatha amakhefu ajwayelekile:

Ukuphumula njalo ngesikhathi semisebenzi yokushisela kungasiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokulimala ngokweqile.Ukwelula izivivinyo noma ukushintsha izikhundla ngesikhathi sekhefu nakho kungasiza ekudambiseni ukukhathala kwemisipha futhi kukhuthaze ukujikeleza kwegazi.

Sebenzisa izisetshenziswa ezisizayo:

Abashiseli kufanele basebenzise izinto ezisizayo, njengezinsiza zokuphakamisa noma amathuluzi e-ergonomic, ukunciphisa ubunzima bomzimba obuhlobene nokuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo noma imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo.

Yakha indawo yokusebenza ngokwe-ergonomically:

Indawo yokusebenzela yokushisela kufanele yakhelwe ukukhuthaza ukuma okufanele futhi kuncishiswe ubunzima.Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukulungisa ubude bezindawo zokusebenza, ukuhlinzeka ngomata bokulwa nokukhathala, nokuqinisekisa ukukhanya okwanele.

Ngokusebenzisa lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha kanye nokuqaphela izingozi ezihlobene nezinkinga ze-ergonomic ekushiseleni, ama-welders angakwazi ukuzivikela engozini yokuphazamiseka kwe-musculoskeletal kanye nokunye ukulimala ngokomzimba, ukuqinisekisa indawo yokusebenza ephephile nenempilo.

Izinsiza Ezibalulekile Zokuphepha Zokushisela

Ukushisela kuwumsebenzi oyingozi odinga ukusetshenziswa kwemishini efanele yokuphepha ukuvikela i-welder nabanye endaweni.Okulandelayo yimishini yokuphepha yokushisela ebalulekile:

Isigqoko sokushisela:

Isigqoko sokuzivikela siyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yemishini yokuphepha yomshiseli.Ivikela ubuso, amehlo, nentamo ye-welder ekukhanyeni okunamandla, ukushisa, nemisebe ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokushisela.Izigqoko zokushisela kufanele zifakwe ilensi yomthunzi efanele inqubo yokushisela eyenziwayo.

Amagilavu ​​wokushisela:

Amagilavu ​​okushisela avikela izandla zomshiseli ekushiseni, ezinhlansini, nasezinsimbini ezincibilikisiwe ezikhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokushisela.Kufanele zenziwe ngezinto ezimelana nelangabi futhi zinikeze ubuhlakani obanele bomsebenzi wokushisela.

Ijakhethi yokushisela:

Ijakhethi yokushisela ivikela umzimba ongaphezulu ezinhlansini, ekushiseni, nasemisebeni ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokushisela.Kufanele yenziwe ngezinto ezimelana nelangabi futhi imboze izingalo, umzimba, nentamo.

Amabhuzu wokushisela:

Amabhuzu okushisela avikela izinyawo zomshiseli ezinhlansini, ekushiseni nasezintweni eziwayo.Kufanele enziwe ngezinto eziqinile, ezimelana nelangabi futhi zinikeze ukudonsa okuhle ukuvimbela ukushelela nokuwa.

I-Respirator:

Ukushisela kukhiqiza intuthu namagesi angaba yingozi uma ehogeliwe.Umshini wokuphefumula kufanele ugqokwe ukuvikela lowo oshiselayo ekuphefumuleni kulezi zinto eziyingozi.Uhlobo lomshini wokuphefumula oludingekayo luzoncika enqubweni yokushisela kanye nohlobo lwentuthu ekhiqizwayo.

Izibuko zokuphepha:

Izibuko zokuphepha zivikela amehlo oshisela emfucumfucwini endizayo nezinhlansi.Kufanele zenziwe ngezinto ezimelana nomthelela futhi zinikeze ukuvikeleka okuseceleni.

Ama-earplugs noma ama-earmuffs:

Ukushisela kukhiqiza amazinga aphezulu omsindo ongalimaza ukuzwa komshiseli.Ama-earplugs noma ama-earmuffs kufanele agqokwe ukuze avikeleke ekulimaleni kokuzwa.

I-fire extinguisher:

Isicishamlilo kufanele sitholakale kalula uma kuba nomlilo.Uhlobo lwesicishamlilo oludingekayo luzoncika ohlotsheni lomlilo ongenzeka.

Ngokusebenzisa imishini yokuphepha yokushisela efanele, ama-welders angakwazi ukuzivikela kanye nabanye endaweni ezingozini ezihlobene nokushisela.Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa zonke izinto ezishiwo ngenhla ukuze kuqinisekiswe indawo yokusebenza ephephile.

Ukugcina Indawo Yokusebenzela Ephephile

Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha ngesikhathi sokushisela, kubalulekile ukugcina imishini elandelayo iseduze:

I-fire extinguisher:

Yiba nesicishamlilo eduze uma kuba nezimo eziphuthumayo zomlilo.Qinisekisa ukuthi isicisha-mlilo sifanele ukucisha imililo ehlanganisa izinto ezivuthayo, njengemililo ye-Class C (imililo kagesi) kanye nemililo ye-Class D (imililo ehlanganisa izinsimbi ezivuthayo).

I khithi yosizo lokuqala:

Gcina ikhithi yosizo lokuqala egcwele kahle eduze ukuze ubambe noma yikuphi ukulimala okuncane okungenzeka ngesikhathi sokushisela.Ikhithi kufanele ibe nezinto ezinjengamabhandeshi, isixazululo esibulala amagciwane, ijeli yokusha, amagilavu, nesikelo.

Izibuko zokuphepha:

Ngaphandle kokugqoka isigqoko sokushisela, izibuko zokuphepha zinganikeza isivikelo esengeziwe samehlo emfucumfucwini endizayo noma ezinhlansini ezingase zidlule isigqoko.Gcina izibuko zokuphepha ziseduze ukuze uzigqoke lapho kudingeka.

Izingubo zokulala zokushisela noma amakhethini:

Izingubo zokulala zokushisela noma amakhethini asetshenziselwa ukuvikela izinto eziseduze ezivuthayo ezinhlansini nase-spatter.Gcina lezi zinto ziseduze ukuze uvikele indawo ezungezile futhi uvimbele imililo yengozi.

Izikrini zokushisela:

Izikrini zokushisela zisetshenziselwa ukudala umgoqo phakathi kwendawo yokushisela nabanye abasebenzi noma abadlulayo.Zivikela abanye emiphumeleni eyingozi yokukhanya okushiselayo, ngemisebe, nezinhlansi.Gcina isikrini sokushisela eduze ukuze usethe indawo yokusebenza ephephile.

Amapulangwe noma izinsimbi zokushisela:

Amapulangwe okushisela noma ama-clamps angamathuluzi awusizo okuphatha insimbi eshisayo, ukususa i-slag, noma ukubamba izinto zokusebenza ngokuphepha.Gcina lawa mathuluzi eseduze ukuze ugweme ukusebenzisa izandla ezingenalutho noma ukubeka engcupheni yokusha.

Izinto zokuzivikela zomuntu siqu (i-PPE):

Ngaphezu kwesigqoko sokushisela, amagilavu, nejakhethi, qiniseka ukuthi unayo i-PPE eyisipele etholakalayo.Lokhu kufaka phakathi amapheya engeziwe amagilavu, izibuko zokuphepha, izixhumo ezifakwa ezindlebeni noma izindlebe, kanye nanoma iyiphi enye i-PPE eqondene nenqubo yokushisela eyenziwayo.

I-ventilation efanele:

Ukungena komoya okwanele kubalulekile ukuze kukhishwe intuthu yokushisela namagesi endaweni yokusebenza.Qinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zokungenisa umoya, njengezifeni ezikhipha umoya noma izikhiphi zomusi, zikhona futhi zisebenza kahle.

Ngokugcina lezi zinto zemishini yokuphepha ziseduze, abashiseli bangafinyelela kuzo ngokushesha lapho kudingeka, baqinisekise indawo yokusebenza ephephile futhi banciphise ubungozi bezingozi noma ukulimala ngesikhathi sokushisela.

Isiphetho:

Kubalulekile ukuthi abashiseli baqaphele lezi zingozi futhi basebenzise izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele, okuhlanganisa ukugqoka izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele, ukulandela imikhuba ephephile yokusebenza, nokuthola ukuqeqeshwa okwanele, ukunciphisa izingozi ezihlobene nokushisela.